What is the Meaning of Religious Freedom? Molly Pitcher
From the conclusion of this war we shall be going downhill. Both the leaders and the people themselves would soon forget the importance of these principles and stop fighting for their preservation.
Thomas Jefferson, 1782 1
Virginia’s initial draft of the Declaration of Rights and constitution was written by George Mason, who drawing from John Locke’s Letter Concerning Toleration, wrote:
All men should enjoy the fullest toleration in the exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, unpunished and unrestrained by the magistrate, unless, under color of religion, any man disturb the peace, the happiness, or safety of society, or of individuals. 2
James Madison proposed,
All men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience, unpunished, and unrestrained by the magistrate, unless the preservation of equal liberty and the existence of the State are manifestly endangered.3
With this language, Madison turned freedom of conscience into a “Natural and absolute right.”4
James Madison, father of our country, was nothing short of brilliant when putting forth an argument for what he believed truth. One of the clearest examples of his power of reason took place in a debate with Patrick Henry over “A Bill for Establishing a Provision for the Teachers of the Christian Religion.” 5
The bill was intended to encourage religion through taxation and was based on a widely held belief that Christianity guided men’s morals, restrained their vices, and helped to preserve the peace. Patrick Henry’s bill had wide support, including that of George Washington. With his bill, “Voters could designate the denomination or even the specific church that their tax dollars would go to. Those who didn’t want to support religion could target their tax dollars toward education more broadly.”6