https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2022/01/warhol-the-void-beneath-the-emptiness/
Warhol, A Life as Art
by Blake Gopnik
Penguin, 2021, 976 pages, $35
“If you threw dead donkeys at people, they threw money back,” wrote George Orwell in partial explanation of the success of Salvador Dali. Surrealism was an influential example to Andy Warhol too, who, as Blake Gopnik tells us, was a life-long fan of Dali and his pranks. Like Dali, Warhol moved from painting to the more graphic possibilities of film, and, like Dali, Warhol indulged a taste for obscenity. The connections in sensibility are closer than one would think: Dali, like Warhol, had worked as a window dresser for the Bonwit Teller department store in New York, and Warhol even inherited a “muse” from Dali, one Isabelle Dufresne, known as “Ultra Violet”, a French over-dresser, as one of his Factory harpies.
And then there was Marcel Duchamp, the arch-Dadaist, who discovered the “ready-mades” by placing a porcelain urinal on a pedestal in a gallery, signing it “R MUTT 1917”, and declaring it art. So was conceptual art born, in which the idee outranked the objet in importance, a form of art in which Warhol was formally schooled and which he and some other artists used to eventually annihilate the importance of the object altogether. At many turns in the road of Warhol’s career Gopnik identifies a Duchampian precedent, which is a salutary reminder that not only was Warhol often derivative, but his inspiration involved a good deal of ironic humour at the expense of his clients. Warhol developed a deliberate Sphinx-like demeanour as an accompaniment to the art, which was easy to misidentify as profundity rather than cheek. Duchamp, having made his point about the pea-and-thimble trick of Aestheticism, and with characteristic Dadaist unpredictability, at least had the decency to retire early with Gallic sangfroid—he gave up art for chess in 1923—but Warhol was never satisfied with what he had achieved (or earned) with Pop Art, and muddled on until the peculiar circumstances of his own legend turned him into a commercial phenomenon.