https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2019/10/c
In Citizen X, a 1995 film about Andrei Chikatilo, eventually convicted in 1992 of the murder of fifty-two women and children in the USSR, Lieutenant Viktor Burakov cannot persuade the provincial Committee for Crime that they have a serial killer in their midst. He is told, “We have no serial killers in the Soviet Union.” This kind of aberration, he is informed, is associated with Western moral corruption. The political resistance to reality resulted in an eight-year delay in Chikatilo’s eventual capture and dozens of preventable murders.
In the recent HBO series Chernobyl, about the nuclear disaster of 1986, the Russian bureaucracy will not accept at first that they’ve had a catastrophic failure of one of their prestigious “Peaceful Atom” nuclear facilities. A party apparatchik says, “The official position of the state is that global nuclear catastrophe is not possible in the Soviet Union.”
But midway through episode two, Valery Legasov, the Deputy Director of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow (played by Jared Harris), and Ulana Khomyuk, a nuclear physicist from Minsk (played by Emily Watson), deliver a stark briefing to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev—a terrifying scenario of what is about to occur. The initial reactor fire has been extinguished by helicopters, who have dropped five thousand tons of sand, lead and boron, and streams of liquid nitrogen, onto the damaged reactor. The sand, although smothering the fire, has now been converted by the extreme heat into lava, which is melting down through the cement protective shield below the installation, and will reach the full water tanks within three days, causing:
a thermonuclear explosion. Everything within thirty kilometres will be destroyed, including the three remaining reactors at Chernobyl, the entirety of the radioactive material in all of the cores will be ejected, at force, and dispersed by a massive shock wave which will extend 200 kilometres and likely be fatal to the entire population of Kiev, as well as a portion of Minsk. The release of radiation will be severe and impact all of Soviet Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Belorussia, as well as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and most of East Germany … for the Ukraine and Belorussia, this means completely uninhabitable for a minimum of one hundred years.