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From Lewis and Clark, to the canal system, to the steam train, America’s expansion across the continent kept on speeding up.
I had always thought that the tumbleweed—”a ghostly botanical thing looking like a bouffant hairpiece,” as Simon Winchester describes it in his vivid, valuable book—disturbed the stegosaurus in its grazing. But no: This fixture of the American West arrived in a sack of flax carried by settlers to the Dakotas in the 1870s, not even a fraction of a second compared with the near-eternal ancestry I’d believed the weed could claim.
“The Men Who United the States” is all about recent arrivals. Mr. Winchester (himself something of a recent arrival, being naturalized in 2011) explores the alchemy that made residents and settlers come to feel part of a country whose whole turned out to be much more than parcels of real estate inhabited by people who didn’t have any evident common ties.
This is a story of many individuals, well known and less so, who worked, very often with no such goal in mind, to unite physically the various parts of the country. That this enterprise was largely a commercial one does nothing to diminish the somehow spiritual architecture of its results. When a farmer’s grain reaches a market—and thus allows him to get a Sunday suit for himself and shoes for his daughter and a nice corner shelf for his wife’s knickknacks—the farmer forms a social link to the people who sell him the suit and the shoes and the shelf. “The Men Who United the States” explores these connections and shows those involved steadily overcoming the limits of what seemed possible at the time.