thanks to Joan Swirskyfor this…..rsk-
William Francis Lynch (1801-1865) was a naval officer who served in both the U.S. Navy and the Confederate Navy. In the 1840s he proposed to the United States Government to undertake a voyage to the Holy Land to explore and map the Jordan River and the Dead Sea.
Lynch conducted his mission with a crew of 16 sailors in 1847 and published his findings in his book, Narrative of the United States’ Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea. Lynch did not include a photographer in his entourage, but a crewman did provide illustrations for his book.
Lynch’s motives appeared to be part patriotic, religious, and scientific. He wrote, “We [Americans] owe something to the scientific and Christian world, and while extending the blessing of civil liberty in the south and west [otherwise known as “Manifest Destiny”], may well afford to foster science and strengthen the bulwarks of Christianity in the east.”
Lynch was also a strong adherent of “restorationism” (a precursor to Christian Zionism) — a belief that the Jewish people must return to the Holy Land to fulfill their biblical prophecy of the “Second Coming.” The belief drove many Americans, including American presidents, to advocate for the establishment of a Jewish homeland.
Along the route, Lynch described raging rapids in the Jordan River, difficult terrain, strange flora and fauna, warring Arab tribes, and suffering Christian and Jewish communities.