Knowing when to answer a door, when to ring a bell, whether or not to take an elevator was essential during an oppressive occupation.
A French friend, who was a very young girl during the German occupation of Paris, once told me that those dark years were like a “secret garden.” She knew it existed, but she never knew how to enter it or what exactly it contained. What had happened? How did the Parisians thwart the harshness of the German occupation? Should they have done more to oppose it? And, inevitably, what would she herself have done as an adult under the same circumstances? No one, not even her parents, would easily speak about this period to her. Was it sadness, shame or just therapeutic forgetting?
Charles Kaiser’s “The Cost of Courage” combines a thorough and quite accessible history of Europe’s six-year murderous paroxysm with a deftly told story from this secret garden. The Boulloches—father Jacques, his wife Hélène and their four children—were a comfortable bourgeois, Catholic Parisian family: “They blend[ed] a soft anticlericalism with a sharp republican spirit.” As with many such families under the occupation, this one was divided about how to react to its indignities.
Jacques, the director of France’s highway system, had fought heroically in World War I and readily helped Jewish friends go into hiding in 1940. But he thought it essential to serve France and not to “weaken the nation, to which he and his ancestors ha[d] devoted decades of service.” He and Robert, the eldest son, continued to work—as technocrats, not ideologues—for the Vichy regime. Robert, who had served in the French army during the short war of May-June 1940, returned to his job in the finance ministry but was soon recruited by a Resistance group. He declined because of his age (27) and his feelings of responsibility to his defeated nation. Instead, he suggested to the recruiters that his younger brother, André, would be ideal for such work. Soon the three younger Boulloches—André (25), Jacqueline (22) and Christiane (17)—began diligently and dangerously serving an at first chaotic, then increasingly sophisticated Resistance.